HarmonyOSNEXT—应用通信之Emitter

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HarmonyOSNEXT—应用通信之Emitter

序言

在应用开发过程中，我们对于应用中数据和响应事件的传递，都会选择不同的通信方式，在选择这些通信方式时，我们需要考虑不同通信方式下我们的实现逻辑，以及是否满足我们的需求，本文主要介绍，应用在同一进程的通信方式
一、基于同进程的通信方式——Emitter

简介：

Emitter提供在同一进程不同线程，或者同一进程同一线程的通信方式，在应用开发中通常被用作组件间，或者窗口间传递消息；注意如果跨线程传递数据，数据是会被自动序列化的
使用方式：

1.     // 单次订阅，收到回调后，自动取消订阅
2.     emitter.once({eventId: 1}, () => {
3.       console.info('once callback');
4.     });
5.     emitter.once("onceClick", () => {
6.       console.info('once onClick callback');
7.     });

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1.     // 持续订阅事件，没有取消订阅就会一直接收消息
2.     emitter.on({eventId: 2}, () => {
3.       console.info('once callback');
4.     });
5.     emitter.on("Click", () => {
6.       console.info('on onClick callback');
7.     });

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1.     let eventData: emitter.EventData = {
2.       data: {
3.         "once": "send",
4.       }
5.     };
6.     // 发送指定事件
7.     emitter.emit({eventId: 1}, eventData)
8.     emitter.emit("onceClick" , eventData)
9.     emitter.emit("onceClick" ,{ priority: emitter.EventPriority.HIGH }, eventData)

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1.     // 取消事件的订阅
2.     emitter.off(2)
3.     emitter.off("Click")
4.     // 取消指定回调的事件订阅
5.     emitter.off(1, callback)
6.     emitter.off("onceClick", callback)

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二、项目示例：

使用Emitter来完成跨窗口传递消息，并在指定页面进行刷新，主要用于在同一进程下，不同的窗口或者不同上下文间传递消息

1. // index.ets
2. import { emitter } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
3. import { MyWindowManager } from '../util/windowManger';
5. @Entry
6. @Component
7. struct Index {
8.   @State message: string = 'Hello World';
10.   aboutToAppear(): void {
11.     emitter.on('click', (data) => {
12.       let result = data.data
13.       this.message = result?.TestEmitter
14.       MyWindowManager.getInstance().closeDialog("testEmitterDialog")
15.     })
16.   }
18.   build() {
19.     Column({space: 20}) {
20.       Text(this.message).fontSize(50).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold).margin({top: 50})
21.       Button("第一个弹框")
22.         .fontSize(50)
23.         .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
24.         .onClick(() => {
25.           MyWindowManager.getInstance().showDialogView("testEmitterDialog", 0)
26.         })
27.     }
28.     .height('100%')
29.     .width('100%')
30.   }
31. }
33. // TestEmitter.ets
34. import { emitter } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
36. @Entry
37. @Component
38. struct TestEmitter {
39.   @State message: string = 'TestEmitter';
41.   build() {
42.     Column({space: 20}) {
43.       Text("这是一个弹框").fontSize(50)
44.         .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
45.       Button("点击弹框发送消息")
46.         .fontSize(26)
47.         .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
48.         .onClick(() => {
49.           emitter.emit('click', {
50.             data: {
51.               "TestEmitter": this.message
52.             }
53.           })
54.         })
55.     }
56.     .height('100%')
57.     .width('100%')
58.   }
59. }
61. // windowManger.ets
62. import window from '@ohos.window';
63. import { display } from '@kit.ArkUI';
65. const TAG = "WindowManager"
66. export class MyWindowManager {
68.   static getInstance(): MyWindowManager {
69.     if (globalThis.mWindowManager == null) {
70.       globalThis.mWindowManager = new MyWindowManager();
71.     }
72.     return globalThis.mWindowManager;
73.   }
75.   showDialogView(dialogName: string, offsetY: number) {
76.     console.log(TAG, "showDialogView")
77.     let dialogView = AppStorage.get(dialogName) as window.Window;
78.     if (dialogView) {
79.       console.log(TAG, "dialogView  showWindow")
80.       dialogView.showWindow(() => {
81.         dialogView.setWindowFocusable(true);
82.         dialogView.setWindowTouchable(true);
83.       });
84.     } else {
85.       console.log(TAG, "dialogView is undefined ");
86.       this.createDialogWindow(dialogName, offsetY);
87.     }
88.   }
90.   closeDialog(dialogName: string) {
91.     try {
92.       let dialogView = AppStorage.get(dialogName) as window.Window
93.       if (!dialogView) {
94.         console.log(TAG, "dialogView is null")
95.       }
96.       dialogView.destroyWindow()
97.       AppStorage.set(dialogName, null)
98.     } catch (e) {
99.       console.error(TAG, 'close window err' + JSON.stringify(e))
100.     }
101.   }
103.   /**
104.    * 创建Dialog提示窗口
105.    */
106.   async createDialogWindow(dialogName: string, offsetY: number) {
107.     try {
108.       let config: window.Configuration = {
109.         ctx: globalThis.context,
110.         name: dialogName,
111.         windowType: window.WindowType.TYPE_DIALOG
112.       }
113.       let win = await window.createWindow(config)
114.       await win.setPreferredOrientation(window.Orientation.UNSPECIFIED);
115.       await win.setUIContent('pages/' + "TestEmitter")
116.       let dis = display.getDefaultDisplaySync()
117.       console.log(TAG, "dis.height: " + dis.height)
118.       await win.resize(dis.width -100, 300)
119.       await win.moveWindowTo(50, dis.height - vp2px(300) - vp2px(offsetY))
120.       await win.showWindow()
121.       win.setWindowBackgroundColor('#33000000')
122.       win.setWindowFocusable(true)
123.       win.setWindowTouchable(true)
124.       AppStorage.setOrCreate(dialogName, win)
125.     } catch (e) {
126.       console.error(TAG, 'createDialogWindow err = ' + JSON.stringify(e))
127.     }
128.   }
129. }

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